Introduction

Cutaneous myiasis is a parasitic infection of the skin caused by the larvae of certain types of flies. These larvae infest and feed on living or necrotic tissue, leading to severe skin lesions. While this condition is more common in tropical and subtropical regions, cases can occur worldwide, particularly in individuals who have traveled to endemic areas.

Causes

Myiasis occurs when fly larvae infest the skin. Flies from the families Calliphoridae (blowflies), Sarcophagidae (flesh flies), and Oestridae (botflies) are most commonly responsible. The larvae can enter the skin through existing wounds or by the female fly laying eggs directly on the skin.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cutaneous myiasis can vary depending on the type of fly and the site of infestation. Common symptoms include:

• Pain and Discomfort: Severe itching, pain, and a crawling sensation under the skin.
• Lesions: Red, swollen lesions that may ooze pus or blood. The lesions often have a central punctum through which the larva breathes.
• Movement: Visible movement of the larvae within the lesions.
• Secondary Infections: Bacterial infections can complicate the condition, leading to more severe symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions and the presence of larvae. In some cases, imaging techniques like ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of cutaneous myiasis involves the removal of the larvae and addressing any secondary infections. Common treatment methods include:

• Larval Extraction: Manual extraction using forceps. Occlusion techniques, such as applying petroleum jelly or adhesive tape over the breathing hole, can force the larva to surface for easier removal.
• Medications: Topical and systemic antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgical debridement may be necessary to remove necrotic tissue and larvae.

Prevention

Preventing cutaneous myiasis involves measures to reduce the risk of fly exposure and infestation:

• Personal Hygiene: Maintaining good personal hygiene and promptly treating any skin wounds.
• Protective Clothing: Wearing long sleeves and pants, especially in areas with a high fly population.
• Insect Repellents: Using insect repellents on exposed skin and clothing.
• Fly Control: Implementing measures to control fly populations, such as using insecticides and proper waste management.

Conclusion

Cutaneous myiasis is a distressing condition that requires prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and promote healing. Awareness and preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of infestation, especially in endemic areas. If you suspect you have myiasis or notice unusual skin lesions, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly.

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cutaneous myiasis, individuals can better protect themselves and manage this challenging condition effectively.